THE DOUBLE-EDGED SWORD: A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF DIGITAL ADDICTION AND ITS IMPACT ON MENTAL HEALTH

Abstract

Background and Purpose: The increasing integration of digital technology into daily life has raised concerns about its potential for addictive use and adverse mental health effects. This review aims to synthesize current empirical evidence on the relationship between digital addiction—covering social media, gaming, and smartphone use—and psychological outcomes.
Methods: A systematic review of studies published between 2010 and 2023 was conducted using databases such as PubMed, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar. Selected research included quantitative and qualitative studies examining links between digital addiction and mental health indicators.
Results: Findings consistently show significant positive correlations between digital addiction and increased anxiety, depression, loneliness, and psychological distress. Neurobiological evidence suggests shared mechanisms with substance addictions, including dysregulation of dopamine-based reward systems. Mediating factors such as fear of missing out (FoMO), sleep disruption, and social comparison intensify negative mental health outcomes. However, most studies’ cross-sectional designs limit the ability to infer causality.
Conclusion: The review underscores the urgent need for public health strategies, digital literacy education, and evidence-based interventions to reduce the psychological risks of digital addiction. Future longitudinal and experimental research is essential to clarify causal mechanisms and promote healthier digital engagement.